Papers in journals
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Kandeepan, K., Balakumar, S. and Arasaratnam, V. (2023). Determinants of early cessation of breastfeeding practices among rural mothers from Jaffna district, Sri Lanka. International Breastfeeding Journal. 18(42): pages 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-023-00575-
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Karthigesu K, Bertolo RF, Brown RJ. Parenteral nutrition and oxidant load in neonates. 2021;13(8):2631.
- Karthigesu K, Sandrasegarampillai B, Arasaratnam V. Factors influencing the iodine status of children aged 12 to 59 months from Jaffna District, Sri Lanka in the post-iodization era; a descriptive, cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(6): e0252548.
- Karthigesu K, Sandrasegarampillai B, Arasaratnam V. Breastfeeding practices and nutritional status of children aged one to five years in Jaffna District, Sri Lanka. The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2017;54(2): 172–184.
- Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Nutritional status and food insecurity among the children in Northern Sri Lanka. Procedia Food Science. 2016;6:220–224, ISSN 2211-601X,
Peer reviewed presentations at national / international conference / symposia
Published as full papers
- Dilipan T, Thuvarakan T, Kandeepan K, Murugananthan A. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of leaf and bark of Craetiva religiosa. 12th International Research Conference, 2019 at General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka.
- Tharsikayini A, Arasaratnam V, Kandeepan K. Effects of different preservation methods on pH, glucose, and protein in urine. In Thurasamy Sarma (eds.), Jaffna University International Research Conference (JUICe): Towards a safer future, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, 2018: 107–109.
- Shankary S, Arasaratnam V, Kandeepan K. Effect of storage time, temperature and repeated freezing and thawing on serum total bilirubin. In Thurasamy Sarma (Eds.), Jaffna University International Research Conference (JUICe): Towards a safer future, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, 2018: 110-112.
- Sivarangini S, Arasaratnam V, Sathesan B, Gunatilake M, Kandeepan K. A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Teaching Hospital Jaffna among the patients underwent surgical interventions for urinary calculi. In: Thurasamy Sarma (eds.), Jaffna University International Research Conference (JUICe): Towards a safer future, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, 2018: 118–120.
- Ruwanpathirana RPE, Kandeepan K, Arasaratnam V. Effect of fasting plasma glucose on serum creatinine, urinary creatinine, and urinary microalbumin in type 2 diabetics. In Thurasamy Sarma (Eds.), Jaffna University International Research Conference (JUICe): towards a safer future, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, 2018: 121–125.
- Ruwanpathirana RPE, Kandeepan K. Arasaratnam V. Effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus duration on fasting plasma glucose, serum creatinine, and urinary microalbumin in type 2 diabetics attending to Diabetic Centre at Teaching Hospital Jaffna. In Thurasamy Sarma (Eds.), Jaffna University International Research Conference (JUICe): Towards a safer future, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, 2018: 126–131.
- Kandeepan K, Kanagasabai S, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Prevalence of anaemia and nutritional status of adolescent students in Tellipalai Medical Officer of Health (MOH) Area, Jaffna: a preliminary study. In T.Sanathanan (Eds.), Jaffna University International Research Conference (JUICe): towards greener future, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, 2016: 207–211.
- Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Nutritional status based on mid-upper arm circumference and head circumference: a cross-sectional study among the children in Jaffna District, in C.L Goonasekara, P. H Premaratne, B.D.K Anandawansa (eds.), 8th International Research Conference: ‘Inculcating Professionalism for National Development’, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana, 2015: 83–90.
- Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Pattern of breastfeeding practices among children aged one to five years in Jaffna district, in S. Srisatkunarajah, A. Ramanan, B. Nimalathasan (eds.), Jaffna University International Research Conference (JUICE): ‘Capacity Development in the post-war context’, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, 2014: pp. 116–121.
- Kandeepan K, Benedict PB, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of anaemia among G.C.E. (A/L) students in Jaffna zonal schools, in S. Srisatkunarajah, A. Ramanan, B. Nimalathasan (eds.), Jaffna University International Research Conference (JUICE), ‘Capacity Development in the post-war context’; University of Jaffna, Jaffna, 2014: pp. 122–128.
Published as abstracts
- Karthigesu K, Bertolo RF, Brown RJ. In vitro effect of vitamins C and E on lipid peroxidation of lipid emulsion for total parental nutrition. 12th Annual Biochemistry Summer Symposium, Department of Biochemistry, University of Newfoundland, St John’s, NL. 2022, 28.
- Karthigesu K, Bertolo RF, Brown RJ. In vitro lipid peroxidation of lipid emulsion and all-in-one admixture for total parenteral nutrition. 11th Annual Biochemistry Summer Symposium, Department of Biochemistry, University of Newfoundland, St John’s, NL. 2021,
- Karthigesu K, Bertolo RF, Brown RJ. In vitro optimization of antioxidant status of parenteral nutrition. 10th Annual Biochemistry Summer Symposium, Department of Biochemistry, University of Newfoundland, St John’s,
- Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Dietary pattern and nutritional deficiencies among children in Jaffna District, Sri Lanka. International Conference on Agriculture and Food Security: In quality of Innovative Agriculture, Post-Harvest, and Food Processing Technologies for Food Security, Global Towers Hotel, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 8th and 9th August 2019: 25.
- Ghobika R, Dilusha K, Dineshkumar T, Chandricca A, Disanayake DMCN, Safa SF, Fernando WKJS, Hasson MHMS, Chinthana VDNI, Galagoda OB, Gamage KGPPM, Gowrisangar K, Hariohamm Y, Ihran SM, Nuskiya NLF, Kandeepan K, Sivansuthan S, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. A descriptive study on the relationship between selected physiological parameters and visceral adiposity index among non-diabetic hypertensive patients attending medical clinics, Teaching Hospital, Jaffna. Proceedings of undergraduate Research Symposium–2018, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, 07th August 2018: 04.
- Arulini R, Ann Abinaya A, Arulbavan S, Ahamed AF, Amarasinghe, AADR, Asna NF, Damayanthi JS, Farhana MKS, Majuri S, Daliya NKF, Amarasinghe KMF, Arunaa S, Atchuthai S, Babeitha B, Kandeepan K, Sivansuthan S, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. A descriptive study on the relationship between visceral adiposity index and lipid profile & CPR levels among non-diabetic hypertensive patients attending medical clinics, Teaching Hospital, Jaffna. Proceedings of Undergraduate Research Symposium–2018, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, 07th August 2018: 13.
- Ruwanpathirana RPE, Kandeepan K, Arasaratnam V. Effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus duration on blood glucose, serum creatinine and urinary microalbumin: a cross-sectional study on patients attending Diabetic Centre, Teaching Hospital, Jaffna. Proceedings of Undergraduate Research Symposium–2018, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, 7th August 2018: 21.
- Shayani V, Sopia P, Surenthirakumaran R, Kandeepan K. Knowledge and attitude towards personal professional medelopment and the influence of selected factors on personal professional medelopment among the medical students at University of Jaffna. Proceedings of Undergraduate Research Symposium–2018, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, 7th August 2018: 30.
- Mathangi N, Sarangan S, Sivashakar T, Kandeepan K. Breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, behavior and influencing factors among female staff of banks in the Jaffna Municipal area. Proceedings of Undergraduate Research Symposium–2018, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, 07th August 2018: 35.
- Shamini S, Britikka P, Nachchinarkiniyan CS, Kandeepan K. Satisfaction with hostel facilities, its associated factors, and the influence of satisfaction on academic performance among students in selected hostels of University of Jaffna. Proceedings of Undergraduate Research Symposium–2018, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, 7th August 2018: 38.
- Vethuja J, Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V, Muhunthan K. Assessment of iron deficiency and red cell indices of anaemic pregnant women attended antenatal clinic, Teaching Hospital, Jaffna. Proceedings of Undergraduate Research Symposium–2018, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, 7th August 2018: 73.
- Thanuja T, Rushan R, Shivaram S, Suvethini L, Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Comparison of paleo diets formulated from foods available in Jaffna with modern diets on plasma glucose and serum insulin levels. Proceedings of Undergraduate Research Symposium–2018, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, 07th August 2018:
- Safwaan MN, Piraveen A, Ragumathan A, Saraniya S, Sobitha S, Supanchana P, Sameera HU, Thahira TH, Thurcika, TS, Ubenthira P, Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Glucose and insulin levels in healthy males after consuming breakfast containing different composition of macronutrient with equal energy. Proceedings of Undergraduate Research Symposium–2018, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, 07th August 2018: 77.
- Kandeepan K, Nagatheesan S, Sivananthawerl T, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Nutritional status and caloric consumption of children from communities in urban division of Jaffna divisional secretariat area: A post-war context of Sri Lanka. International Symposium on Understanding the Double Burden of Malnutrition for Effective Interventions, IAEA, Vienna, Austria. 10th-13th December 2018: 167.
- Sivarangini S, Arasaratnam V, Sathesan B, Gunatilake M, Kandeepan K. Patterns of complexity of urinary stone disease based on anatomical sites and stone number: A study conducted among the patients who underwent surgical intervention at Genitourinary Surgical unit, Teaching Hospital Jaffna, International Conference on Health Sciences: Beyond Borders Towards Excellence, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura in collaboration with Colombo South Teaching Hospital and Base Hospital, Homagama at Waters Edge, Colombo, 2018: 86.
- Jaikrishna B, Kandeepan K, Kesavan V. Correlation between plasma and salivary glucose levels on Diabetic patients Attending Diabetic Centre at Teaching Hospital Jaffna. 3rd Annual Academic Sessions of College of Chemical Pathologists of Sri Lanka: Integrating Laboratory and Clinical Systems. 15th-17th March 2018 at Hotel Galadari, Colombo, 2018: 85.
- Yogaratnam P, Kandeepan K, Kesavan V. Evaluation of the interference of different bilirubin concentrations on determination of serum triglyceride concentration by glycerol phosphate oxidase method at different wavelengths in pooled serum. 3rd Annual Academic Sessions of College of Chemical Pathologists of Sri Lanka: Integrating Laboratory and Clinical Systems. 15th-17th March 2018 at Hotel Galadari, Colombo, 2018: 87.
- Selvarajah K, Kandeepan K, Kesavan V. Comparison of capillary electrophoresis and Bromocresol Green Methods for Quantification of serum albumin on patients referred to serum protein electrophoresis from medical wards at teaching hospital Jaffna. 3rd Annual Academic Sessions of College of Chemical Pathologists of Sri Lanka: Integrating Laboratory and Clinical Systems. 15th-17th March 2018 at hotel Galadari, Colombo, 2018: 97.
- Dhanushi Samarathunga, Ceyloni Harida, Thuvaragan S, Manoranjan, T, Kandeepan K. Evaluation of in vitro antiurolithtic activity of selected plants on experimentally prepared calcium oxalate stones. 1st International Conference and Exhibition on Medicine: Healthy Soul & Body through Nature. Unit of Siddha Medicine, University of Jaffna, 2018. ID 145-OP.
- Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Nutritional status of children of identified poor communities in Jaffna divisional secretariat area. Annual Scientific Sessions of the Nutrition Society of Sri Lanka: Investing in Nutrition for Economic Prosperity. Hotel Galadari, Colombo, 27th-28th January 2018: 17
- Anurudda Padeniya, Renuka Jayatissa, Gamage MP, Randula Ranawaka, Mallawarachchi WPPK, Nuwandika PNACN, Jayawardana SMPC, Rathnayaka RMTM, Dissanayake WS, Wickramasinghe WWAKJ, Gunawardhana R, Vivekanandan S, Kandeepan K, Jayaweera, E. Some aspects of food consumption patterns in medical faculty canteens of Sri Lanka., 2nd Clinical Nutrition Annual Academic Sessions: Beating Obesity, Sri Lanka Medical Nutrition Association, 1st-2nd December 2017 at Water Edge, Colombo, 2017: 34.
- Sahithya R, Hamzathwany T, Muhunthan R, Bruntha S, Birathayini C, Thagchana, Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Nutritional status and associated factors of resettled children under five years of age in Iyakkachchi, Kilinochchi. Twenty Fourth Annual Sessions of the Jaffna Science Association. 2017, 24 (01): 18
- Hamzathwany R, Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Atherogenic index among overnourished adolescents attending national schools in Jaffna zonal division. Twenty Fourth Annual Sessions of the Jaffna Science Association. 2017, 24 (01):
- Sahithya R, Suntharalingham G, Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Prevalence of overweight and obesity and its influencing factors among adolescents in Jaffna educational zonal schools. Twenty Fourth Annual Sessions of the Jaffna Science Association. 2017, 24 (01): 20.
- Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Complementary feeding practices among children aged between 12 and 35 months in Jaffna, Sri Lanka. Annual Scientific Sessions of the Nutrition Society of Sri Lanka: Back to basics. Oak Regency Hotel, Kandy, 28th-29th January 2017: 5.
- Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Wealth inequality of the households: is it an influential factor on nutritional status of children in Jaffna district. Annual Scientific Sessions of the Nutrition Society of Sri Lanka: Nutrition well-being through behaviour change. Galle Face Hotel, Colombo, 23rd and 24th January 2016: 13.
- Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Prevalence of anaemia and nutritional status of adolescent students in Tellipalai Medical Officer of Health (MOH) area, Jaffna: a preliminary study. in T.Sanathanan (Eds.), Jaffna University International Research Conference (JUICe): Towards greener future, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, 2016.
- Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Nutritional status and food insecurity among the children in Northern Sri Lanka. Proceeding of International Conference of Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka 2015 (ICSUSL 2015).
- Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Nutritional status based on mid-upper arm circumference and head circumference: a cross-sectional study among the children in Jaffna District. Proceeding, 8th International Research Conference: Inculcating Professionalism for National Development, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University. August 2015: 113.
- Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam, V. Dietary iron intake and iron deficiency anaemia: A cross sectional study of children aged one to five years in Jaffna district. ‘Proceeding of the Wayamba University International Conference, Sri Lanka, Sustainable Development through Equitable sharing’, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Kuliyapittiya, Sri Lanka. 29-30 August 2014: 200.
- Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Prevalence of moderate malnutrition of children in Jaffna District, Sri Lanka. ‘International Symposium on Understanding Moderate Malnutrition in Children for Effective Management’, IAEA, Vienna, Austria. 26–29 May,2014; pp.43.
- Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Serum albumin status: their usage in the assessment of malnutrition in children of Jaffna District. Proceeding of Jaffna Science Association, Vol.21 No1. 2nd–4th April 2014; pp.42.
- Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Risk factors of undernutrition among the children in Jaffna, Sri Lanka. Annual Scientific Sessions of the Nutrition Society of Sri Lanka, ‘Appling nutritional science to healthy living; preventing non-communicable diseases.’ Taj Samudra Hotel, Colombo. 25th and 26th January 2014: 17.
- Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Household food insecurity of children among 12–59 months of age in Jaffna District. Proceeding of the 69th Annual Scientific Sessions of Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science (SLAAS), 2013:
- Yathukulan S, Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Nutritional status of adolescent students in Thenmarachi Zonal Schools, Jaffna. Annual Scientific Sessions-Jaffna Medical Association, 2013: 24.
- Kandeepan K, Surenthirakumaran R, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Urinary iodine status and prevalence of goitre among the children in Jaffna, Sri Lanka. Annual Scientific Sessions-Jaffna Medical Association, 2013: 42.
- Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Prevalence and risk factors for stunting among the children in Jaffna District, Sri Lanka. 13th Scientific meeting of Commonwealth Association of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (CAPGAN), TajSamudra, Colombo, 2013: 32-33
- Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Prevalence and factors associated with anaemia among children aged 12-59 months in Jaffna District, Proceedings of the 126th Anniversary Scientific Medical Congress of the Sri Lanka Medical Association. 2013; 126 (1): 117-118.
- Kandeepan K, Surenthirakumaran R, Balakumar S, Vasanthy Arasaratnam. Nutritional sequelae and associated factors in children who were the low-birth-weight infants in Jaffna District, Proceedings of the 20th Annual Sessions of the Jaffna Science Association. 2013; 20(1): 22.
- Herath MAPB, Sasanke KBTB, Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam, V. A preliminary study on the cardiovascular disease risk among overweight & obese adolescents attending National schools in Jaffna Zonal division, Proceedings of the 20th Annual Sessions of the Jaffna Science Association. 2013; 20(1): 16.
- De Silva MP, Wijesooriya WMET, Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. A preliminary study on the prevalence of obesity and assessment of insulin resistance in overweight and obese adolescents, Proceedings of the 20th Annual Sessions of the Jaffna Science Association; 20(1): 17.
- Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Association of breastfeeding practices and nutritional status of children aged one to five years in Jaffna district. In: ‘Optimizing Nutrition: An Integrative Perspective’, Annual Scientific Sessions of the Nutrition Society of Sri Lanka. TajSamudra, Colombo. 3rd February 2013:17.
- Kandeepan K, Surenthirakumaran R, Balakumar S, Vasanthy Arasaratnam. Prevalence and socio-demographic factors of malnutrition among children aged 1 to 5 years in Jaffna district. In: ‘From sick care to health care’. Annual Scientific sessions, Jaffna Medical Association-December 2012. Eds. Surenthirakumaran, R. Harikanan (Pvt.) Ltd., Jaffna, Sri Lanka, 2012: 36.
- Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Pattern of breastfeeding practices among children aged one to five years in Jaffna district. In: ‘Capacity building in the post-war context’. Proceedings of the abstract of Jaffna University International Research Conference-2012 (JUICE-2012). Eds. Nimalathasan, B., Ramanan, A. and Thabotharan, K. Harikanan (Pvt.) Ltd., Jaffna, Sri Lanka, 2012: 98.
- Benedict PB, Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Socio-demographic correlates of anaemia among G.C.E. (A/L) students in Jaffna Zonal schools. In: ‘Capacity building in the post-war context’. Proceedings of the abstract of Jaffna University International Research Conference-2012 (JUICE-2012). Eds. Nimalathasan, B., Ramanan, A. and Thabotharan, K. Harikanan (Pvt.) Ltd., Jaffna, Sri Lanka, 2012: 95.
- Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Nutritional status of children aged 1-5 years in Chavakachcheri Medical Officer of Health (MOH) area. Proceedings of the 19th Annual Sessions of the Jaffna Science Association. 2012; 19(1):
- Mugunthan T, Nitharshan T, Sritharan K, Nithiyanantharajah K, Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Alteration of selected biochemical parameters in thin adolescents in G.C.E. (A/L) students of National and Provincial schools in Jaffna Educational Zone. Proceedings of the 19th Annual Sessions of the Jaffna Science Association.2012; 19(1):
- Bright BP, Balakumar S, Kandeepan K, Arasaratnam V, Kumanan T, Sutharsan M. Impact of socio-economic and socio-demographic factors on the nutritional status among G.C.E. (A/L) students in Jaffna Zonal Schools. Proceedings of the 19th Annual Sessions of the Jaffna Science Association. 2012; 19(1):
- Sahithya R, Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V, Kumanan T. Prevalence of anaemia among the G. C. E. (A/L) students of National and Provincial Schools in Jaffna Educational Zone. Proceedings of the 19th Annual Sessions of the Jaffna Science Association. 2012; 19(1):
- Siddiqa M, Sutharsan M, Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Evaluation of the nutritional status of female students aged 16-19 years in the Jaffna Zonal schools. Proceedings of the 19th Annual Sessions of the Jaffna Science Association. 2012; 19(1):
- Suntharalingam G, Sutharsan M, Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Nutritional status of vegetarian adolescents aged 16-19 years from national and provisional schools in Jaffna Zonal Division of Education. Proceedings of the 19th Annual Sessions of the Jaffna Science Association. 2012; 19(1):
- Shanmugaratnam L, Thayaananthan K, Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Trends in intake of fruits and vegetables by G.C.E. (A/L) students in Jaffna Zonal schools. Proceedings of the 19th Annual Sessions of the Jaffna Science Association.2012; 19(1):
- Kandeepan K, Alexander B. Comparison of mineral status & haematological parameters of Friesian calves born through embryo transfer and artificial insemination. Annual Scientific Sessions of the Sri Lanka Veterinary Association. Institute of Continuing Education in Animal Production and Health Gannoruwa, 07th April 2011:
- Muralithas M, Ubeyratne JKHS, Dangolla A, Kandeepan K, Surenthirakumaran R. Outbreak of food-borne illness in Jaffna district. Annual Scientific Sessions of the Sri Lanka Veterinary Association. Institute of Continuing Education in Animal Production and Health Gannoruwa, 07th April 2011: 42.
- Kandeepan K, Balakumar S, Arasaratnam V. Prevalence of malnutrition among children aged 1 to 5 years in Point Pedro in Jaffna District. Proceedings of the Scientific Sessions of the Nutrition Society of Sri Lanka 2011. Medical Research Institute, Colombo. 22nd January 2011:10.
Research communications (abstracts)
- Karthigesu K, Bertolo RF, Brown RJ. In Vitro Effect of Vitamins C And E On the Lipid Peroxidation of Total Parenteral Nutrition for Newborns. 45 th ESPEN Conference, Lyon France. 2023.
- Karthigesu K, Bertolo RF, Brown RJ. In Vitro Effect of Selected Micronutrients on the Peroxidation of Parenteral Nutrition for Newborns. Biomedicine Symposium, Faculty of Medicine, University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL. 2023.
Oxidative stress is the major cause of several diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and cancer. In particular, the early introduction of oxidants to neonates, especially preterm and low birth weight neonates, would cause harmful effects on their later life. My research focus on
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- Total parenteral nutrition and in vivo oxidative effects,
- Assessing oxidative stress using cell culture models,
- Describing how nutrients play a significant role in metabolic derangements, and
- Help the industries to optimize commercially available intravenous or enteral nutrient admixtures.